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    Moai statue discovered in a dried-up lake on Easter Island

    The newly discovered Moai statue found on Rapa Nui, also known as Easter IslandComunidad Ma'u Henua HANDOUT/EPA-EFE/Shutterstock
    A moai statue has been discovered on Easter Island at the bottom of a recently dried crater lake. The statue is the first of the island’s famous giant-headed figures to be found in the lake.
    Easter Island, located more than 3500 kilometres from the South American continent, is dotted with more than 900 of the iconic statues, carved from volcanic rock more than 500 years ago by the Rapa Nui people.
    Most of the statues were carved from rock quarried at the Rano Raraku volcano. Some were left at the volcano, which is now a national park and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Hundreds of others, each of which weigh tens of thousands of pounds, were transported to other parts of the island.Advertisment
    “We think we know all the moai, but then a new one turns up,” Terry Hunt at the University of Arizona told the television program Good Morning America, which first reported the find on 25 February.
    The new statue is 1.6 metres tall and is “full-bodied with recognisable features but no clear definition,” according to a statement from Ma’u Henua, the Rapa Nui organisation that manages the park. It was found lying face down among tall reeds.
    “Under the dry conditions that we have now, we may find more,” said Hunt.
    Jeff Overs/BBC News & Current Affairs via Getty Images
    The monolithic statues have long inspired awe and speculation about their role in an apparent collapse of the island’s population in the 17th century; the first European on the island landed in 1722. For indigenous Rapa Nui, Hunt said the statues represent deified ancestors.
    “For the Rapa Nui people, it’s [a] very, very important discovery,” Salvador Atan Hito, the vice president of Ma’u Henua, told the tv program.
    Rano Raraku’s crater is normally filled with water, but the lake has been shrinking since 2018, Ninoska Avareipua Huki Cuadros, director of Ma’u Henua, told Agence France-Presse.
    Easter Island has seen a decade of drought, driven in part by climate change as well as the pattern of below-average temperature in the tropical Pacific known as La Nina. The current La Nina is the third in a rare “triple dip” event, which may itself be linked to human-caused climate change.

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    Don't Miss: The Mandalorian's third season, streaming on Disney+

    Watch
    The Mandalorian begins its third season with a journey to Mandalore, spiritual home of protagonist Din Djarin and his fellow helmet-wearing warriors. The Star Wars spin-off is now streaming on Disney+.

    Read
    The Lives of Beetles are examined by entomologist Arthur Evans in a handsomely illustrated book, full of the latest findings. Considering that beetles make up one-fifth of all living species, it is remarkably concise. On sale from 7 March.

    Visit
    British Science Week is a 10-day, UK-wide celebration of science, technology, engineering and mathematics run by the British Science … More

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    Frozen Head review: Why do some people want to be frozen after death?

    Mike Darwin was president of a cryonics company called Alcor Life Extension FoundationSipa/Shutterstock
    Frozen Head
    Hosted by Alaina Urquhart and Ash Kelley
    Wondery
    FROM his childhood, Laurence Pilgeram was preoccupied with death. He would vividly imagine his parents in their caskets, wondering why people had to die. Pilgeram went on to build a lab on the family farm in Montana and experimented on guinea pigs, injecting bovine growth hormone into their pituitary glands to see if he could stop ageing and dying. “He was just so afraid of death,” his brother … More

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    Magisteria review: How science and religion have a tangled past

    Anti-evolution books on sale in Dayton, Tennessee, in 1925Hulton-Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images
    Magisteria
    Nicholas Spencer (Oneworld Publications)
    SCIENCE and religion are in opposition from their foundations upwards, right? One is built on reason and evidence, the other on belief.
    Well, I have a confession to make: I don’t buy it. I am an evangelical Christian and a New Scientist editor. Some might say I am the definition of a square peg in a round hole – but there it is.
    I say all this by way of explaining why I was excited to get hold … More

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    Magesteria review: How science and religion have a tangled past

    Anti-evolution books on sale in Dayton, Tennessee, in 1925Hulton-Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images
    Magisteria
    Nicholas Spencer (Oneworld Publications)
    SCIENCE and religion are in opposition from their foundations upwards, right? One is built on reason and evidence, the other on belief.
    Well, I have a confession to make: I don’t buy it. I am an evangelical Christian and a New Scientist editor. Some might say I am the definition of a square peg in a round hole – but there it is.
    I say all this by way of explaining why I was excited to get hold … More

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    See the top shots in the Woman Science Photographer of the Year award

    Lianna Nixon; Leap of ScienceLianna Nixon
    FEMALE scientists are still a minority, making up a third of all researchers. In celebration and support of the UN’s International Day of Women and Girls in Science, the UK-based Royal Photographic Society held its first Woman Science Photographer of the Year competition.
    Margaret LeJeuneAdvertisment
    “Representation helps to invite the next generation to follow their curiosity and get involved in the fields of science and art,” said Margaret LeJeune, who took the adult category’s top prize for her image titled Watershed Triptych (pictured above). It shows maps of the three largest watersheds in the US, lit by bioluminescent marine algae called dinoflagellates. Though their glow looks dazzling, the toxins some of them release can pose a threat to ocean life.
    Kelly Zhang
    The Young Woman Science Photographer award, open to under-18s, went to Kelly Zhang for The Beauty of Soap Bubbles (pictured above) – a trippy shot of the iridescent surfaces of these delicate spheres. Finalists also included Lianna Nixon for Leap of Science (main image), which provides a snapshot of the recent MOSAiC Expedition that probed how the Arctic will be affected by climate change. Here, researchers are searching for a spot to measure the surface reflectivity of sea ice.
    Some shortlisted photos are shown in the trio of images below.
    Jindra Jehu
    A paper and engine oil structure transformed by the growth of pink oyster mushrooms, by Jindra Jehu (above);
    Lina Yeleuova
    A nanosatellite launched in 2022 to analyse air pollution, by Lina Yeleuova, runner-up in the under-18 category (above);
    Irina Petrova Adamatzky
    The skin of a corn snake under UV light, by Irina Petrova Adamatzky (above).

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    Animalia review: Intriguing sci-fi thriller, shame about the aliens

    Faith, freedom and spirituality are key to a well-made sci-fi psychological thriller, Animalia. But writer-director Sofia Alaoui leaves the aliens dangling in an unsatisfying ending

    Humans

    24 February 2023

    By Davide Abbatescianni
    Oumaïma Barid appears in Animalia by Sofia Alaoui.Courtesy of Sundance Institute
    Animalia
    Sofia Alaoui (director)
    Sundance Film Festival premier
    Animalia, a French-Moroccan-Qatari co-production that premiered at last month’s Sundance Film Festival, opens with an intriguing set-up. A deeply pious pregnant woman of modest origins, Itto (Oumaïma Barid), looks forward to a day of quiet when her rich husband Amine (Mehdi Dehbi) and his family go away on business.
    On the same day, a mysterious state of emergency is declared nationwide. Amine remains stuck somewhere on the other side of Morocco, while … More

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    The Milky Way may be spawning many more stars than astronomers had thought

    The Milky Way is churning out far more stars than previously thought, according to a new estimate of its star formation rate.

    Gamma rays from aluminum-26, a radioactive isotope that arises primarily from massive stars, reveal that the Milky Way converts four to eight solar masses of interstellar gas and dust into new stars each year, researchers report in work submitted to arXiv.org on January 24. That range is two to four times the conventional estimate and corresponds to an annual birthrate in our galaxy of about 10 to 20 stars, because most stars are less massive than the sun.

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    At this rate, every million years — a blink of the eye in astronomical terms — our galaxy spawns 10 million to 20 million new stars. That’s enough to fill roughly 10,000 star clusters like the beautiful Pleiades cluster in the constellation Taurus. In contrast, many galaxies, including most of the ones that orbit the Milky Way, make no new stars at all.

    “The star formation rate is very important to understand for galaxy evolution,” says Thomas Siegert, an astrophysicist at the University of Würzburg in Germany. The more stars a galaxy makes, the faster it enriches itself with oxygen, iron and the other elements that stars create. Those elements then alter star-making gas clouds and can change the relative number of large and small stars that the gas clouds form.

    Siegert and his colleagues studied the observed intensity and spatial distribution of emission from aluminum-26 in our galaxy. A massive star creates this isotope during both life and death. During its life, the star blows the aluminum into space via a strong wind. If the star explodes when it dies, the resulting supernova forges more. The isotope, with a half-life of 700,000 years, decays and gives off gamma rays.

    Like X-rays, and unlike visible light, gamma rays penetrate the dust that cloaks the youngest stars. “We’re looking through the entire galaxy,” Siegert says. “We’re not X-raying it; here we’re gamma-raying it.”

    The more stars our galaxy spawns, the more gamma rays emerge. The best match with the observations, the researchers find, is a star formation rate of four to eight solar masses a year. That is much higher than the standard estimate for the Milky Way of about two solar masses a year.

    The revised rate is very realistic, says Pavel Kroupa, an astronomer at the University of Bonn in Germany who was not involved in the work. “I’m very impressed by the detailed modeling of how they account for the star formation process,” he says. “It’s a very beautiful work. I can see some ways of improving it, but this is really a major step in the absolutely correct direction.”

    Siegert cautions that it is difficult to tell how far the gamma rays have traveled before reaching us. In particular, if some of the observed emission arises nearby — within just a few hundred light-years of us — then the galaxy has less aluminum-26 than the researchers have calculated, which means the star formation rate is on the lower side of the new estimate. Still, he says it’s unlikely to be as low as the standard two solar masses per year.

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    In any event, the Milky Way is the most vigorous star creator in a collection of more than 100 nearby galaxies called the Local Group. The largest Local Group galaxy, Andromeda, converts only a fraction of a solar mass of gas and dust into new stars a year. Among Local Group galaxies, the Milky Way ranks second in size, but its high star formation rate means that we definitely try a lot harder.    More